I am writing to express my support for Mr. Bernie Ellis ("Marijuana Martyr," April 26). I recently read about his situation on your website and felt it necessary to log disgust with the state of Tennessee and those prosecutors who have decided to destroy this man's life. What I want to know is: whom was he harming? He broke the law, fair enough. I'll even grant that when the law is broken it constitutes an ostensible harm to all of us, as the rule of law is at the very root of our American ideology. However, as the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King once said, "we have a moral obligation to obey just laws, but we also have a moral obligation to disobey unjust laws" (or something thereabouts). And what law could be more unjust than a law whose execution calls for the destruction of this kindly old man's life? Ellis was doing nothing but minding his own business and trying-in a most Christ-like fashion-to help those in pain. Christiaan Mitchell Blackwell, Okla. [end]
As a Christian, I am uncomfortable with government confronting Bernie Ellis ("Marijuana Martyr," April 26) for cannabis-related issues. The God-given plant cannabis should be re-legalized. One argument that doesn't get mentioned is that it is biblically correct: Christ God Our Father (The Ecologician) indicates He created all the seed-bearing plants-saying they are all good-on literally the very first page. The only Biblical restriction placed on cannabis is that it is to be accepted with thankfulness (Timothy 4:1-5) and, "But whoever has the world's goods, and sees his brother in need and closes his heart against him, how does the love of God abide in him?" (John 3:17). Stan White Dillon, Colo. [end]
If the phrase "compassionate conservatism" was ever anything more than a cynical campaign slogan, surely the believers in the concept will soon come to the aid of a truly compassionate man: Bernie Ellis ("Marijuana Martyr," April 26). BILL COLE (Nashville) [end]
Bernie Ellis Gave Comfort to the Sick and Dying. For That Crime, the Government Means to Take Everything He's Got. Life came unglued for Bernie Ellis on the day drug agents raided his farm like it was the fortified villa of a South American cocaine kingpin. Ellis was bush-hogging around his berry patches when two helicopters swept low over the treetops. Then, rumbling in on four-wheelers, came 10 officers of the Tennessee Marijuana Eradication Task Force. The war on drugs had arrived, literally, in Ellis' backyard. It was a major operation to strike a righteous blow against the devil weed. [continues 3058 words]
Bernie Ellis is an unrepentant soul. "I remain unashamed of what I was doing," he said on a recent afternoon, the first warm day since dogwood winter settled on the month of April. He sat on a deck at a West Meade home where he has been employed as a landscaper for several months. When lawmen raided his farm in August 2002, this man of medicine -- a professional public health consultant who has worked for anti-substance abuse programs across the country -- told officers he was growing marijuana for medical reasons. He also gave it to friends and acquaintances suffering from AIDS, cancer or chronic diseases. [continues 1412 words]
When fans of the Bonnaroo summer music festival in Tennessee arrive at the gates, they are searched. Anyone caught carrying drugs not only gets a summons to appear in criminal court but also receives an on-the-spot tax assessment. At a nearby booth they are required to pay a tax on the illegal substances, which are then seized. If they don't have enough cash, ATM machines are provided for their convenience. The money collected at Bonnaroo makes up part of the $3.5 million that Tennessee has raised since its Unauthorized Substance Tax was adopted in 2005. Tennessee is the latest of at least 21 states to tax illegal substances to help fight the war on drugs. But opponents of these laws, questioning their constitutionality and the feasibility of enforcing them, hope that a lawsuit pending in Tennessee may lead to an end to these laws nationwide. [continues 947 words]
As a high school student, I often hear some of my peers talk about using drugs or making references to them. I find it very disturbing that students who abuse illegal substances talk about it as if it were acceptable. It troubles me to hear individuals brag about how they got high. It seems that some adults do not realize how serious the drug problem is in our high schools. In smaller, rural schools, some adults tend to think that the students are good kids and that drugs are not an issue for them. [continues 115 words]
Their reasons differ, but some Rutherford County School Board members still don't believe that the school system needs a new policy that would require county school workers to report their arrests to administration officials. The discussion comes after two teachers were arrested by police within a month of each other -- one on marijuana possession charges, the other for allegedly shooting at an Eagleville councilman. "They probably should notify the school," said School Board Chairman Rick Wise. "But to have a policy that requires that, I think you ought to be careful." [continues 776 words]
I am surprised by last week's "Marijuana, Ya' Dig?". First I must comment on the "debate" between Steve Hager and Bob Stutzman. That is not a debate, it is a for-profit road show. Steve Hager is hardly a recognized or representative voice within the drug policy reform movement. Second, your editorial is full of ill-conceived notions. Your editorial says reducing "crime is accomplished when people stop breaking the law, not when people do away with the law." When the law itself is criminal, what then? The prohibition of cannabis is not based, in any sense, on common sense or any real threat. [continues 237 words]
Humans should stop caging humans for using the God-given plant cannabis (kaneh bosm / marijuana) and one reason that doesn't get mentioned, is because it is biblically correct since Christ God Our Father (the ecologician) indicates He created all the seed-bearing plants, saying they are all good, on literally the very first page - see Genesis 1:11-12 and 29-30. The only biblical restriction placed on cannabis is that it is to be accepted with thankfulness - see 1 Timothy 4:1-5. What kind of people created cannabis prohibition and extermination? Stan White The Green Collar Worker [end]
'High Times' battles DEA in friendly pro-con discussion On March 28, Austin Peay State University hosted the Heads vs. Feds debate. The subject of the debate was the legalization of marijuana. The two speakers were Robert Stutman and Steve Hager. Stutman is the former director of the Drug Enforcement Agency office in New York City, and Hager is a former writer and editor of High Times magazine. Around 400 people attended the event. The debate centered around three main topics: Medicinal uses, the benefits of using hemp and the punishments given out for this drug offense. Hager argued that marijuana has never killed anyone, is less dangerous then prescriptions and can be used to treat illnesses. [continues 221 words]
Last week's Heads vs. Feds Hot Topic debate has encouraged us at The All State to examine the matter of marijuana legalization. This is in part because 400 people attended the debate. Most of the past Hot Topic debates have had significantly smaller attendance. It really says something about where everyone's priorities lie. The main reason we're examining the issue, however, is that it can have profound effects on all of us. We've weighed pros, and we've weighed the cons. The issue has been discussed by many for long periods beneath the glow of a black light while listening to Pink Floyd. As a result, we've come to some rudimentary conclusions. [continues 525 words]
Scott County Sheriff Anthony Lay arrested and charged one of his department's jailers Monday for selling drugs to an inmate. "This is the beginning of a clean-up at the Scott County Sheriff's Department," Lay said this morning. Lay organized an undercover sting after a prisoner alleged that 21-year-old Joshua Ryan Byrd, a jailer since January, had offered to sell cigarettes and drugs. That prisoner was given $40 so he could request marijuana, pills or cocaine from Byrd, the sheriff said. [continues 193 words]
Some people tend to think that what they do in their personal time shouldn't concern their employers. But what happens in the event one is charged by police with breaking the law? Should you tell your boss immediately, or does one subscribe to the "what he doesn't know won't hurt him" policy? It might not be fair but the public tends to hold some people in certain professions to a higher standard. Preachers, politicians, police officers and teachers are the people who leap to my mind. [continues 456 words]
UTC does not have a drug testing policy for students, despite rumors to the contrary. However, the athletics department has a random drug testing policy for students participating in university sports, according to athletic department officials. Jeffery Burgin, the associate dean of students and director of multicultural affairs, tried to clear up confusion concerning the university's policy of student drug testing. "The athletic department has a drug testing policy as it relates to the NCAA but the university does not have a policy of randomly drug testing its students," Burgin said. [continues 661 words]
Dear Editor: Regarding your March 22 editorial "Court ruling may limit 'Bong Hits for Jesus,'" alcohol kills more Americans each year than all illegal drugs combined. Prescription overdose deaths are second only to motor-vehicle crashes as a cause of death from unintentional injury. Television is filled with sophisticated pro-drug messages paid for by alcohol and pharmaceutical companies. The Bush administration doesn't have a problem with corporate drug pushers. But hoist a "Bong Hits 4 Jesus" banner at a high school rally in Alaska, and they will fight you all the way to the Supreme Court. [continues 181 words]
High Times Editor, DEA Agent To Face Off Whether you are straight-laced and against the legalization of marijuana, an advocate for the drug's medical purposes or a hippie-type looking to spark up without breaking the law, Wednesday's debate at Austin Peay State University could prove interesting. The APSU Govs Programming Council is sponsoring the debate at 7 p.m. Wednesday, in the Morgan University Ballroom on the legalization of the drug. The debaters are High Times editor Steve Hager and Bob Stutman -- a former officer with the New York City Drug Enforcement Agency. [continues 249 words]
Austin Peay State University will hold The Great Debate: Heads vs. Feds at 7 p.m. March 28 in the Morgan University Center Ballroom. The debate will cover the legalization of marijuana. Former High Times Editor Steve Hager will represent one side, while former Deug Enforcement Agent Bob Stutman will represent the other. For more on this story, see Saturday's edition of The Leaf-Chronicle [end]
This week, the Supreme Court is hearing one of the most important free speech cases involving the rights of students in schools in more than 50 years. The case revolves around then-high school student Joseph Frederick, who in 2002 went with his classmates to watch the Olympic torch being carried through his town of Juneau, Alaska, on its way to Salt Lake City for the games. When the torch and the cameras following it passed by Frederick and his friends, they unveiled a 14-foot banner that said "Bong Hits 4 Jesus." [continues 411 words]
To the editor, With the word, "Go," President George W. Bush invaded Iraq. All he has to do is use that same word to attack the treasure and lifeline of our terrorist enemies in Afghanistan. When you are at war, you must demolish the enemy's economic base. That, for the Taliban and terrorists, is the beautiful red poppy that grows in abundance in huge open fields. That country, over which we should have some control, is the world's largest producer of heroin. After years of trying to defeat our foes and the warlords, Bush has not given that simple command, "Go." [continues 230 words]
Jackson-Madison County Schools superintendent authorizes new policy Police soon will begin using drug dogs for random searches of Jackson-Madison County Schools buses and buildings that serve fifth- through 12-grade students. Superintendent Nancy Zambito authorized the new policy this week. Police began conducting random searches for drugs in the parking lots of school properties earlier this school year, though nothing has been found so far, to Zambito's knowledge. "What prompted this decision was there was concern among the principals, and I received several calls from parents whose children have seen drugs on the school buses," Zambito said Friday. "We will start the searches before the school year is over," she added. "We're very lucky to have the wonderful relationship that we have with our law enforcement agencies." [continues 236 words]
It is commendable to fix prejudicial elements of the Higher Education Act ("Drug Conviction Denies Students Financial Aid," Mar. 1, 2007), since the government's war on drugs primarily targets cannabis plant users. Do students lose financial aid if caught with alcohol? Further discrimination exists because students convicted of murder or rape, are still eligible for financial aid in school. Government's attempts to persecute, prohibit and exterminate cannabis (kaneh bosm/ marijuana) is luciferous to begin with since Christ God, Our Father, indicates He created all the seed-bearing plants, saying they are all good, on literally the very first page of the Bible (see Genesis 1:11-12 and 29-30). [continues 53 words]
Students who have drug convictions shouldn't lose their financial aid, say members of Students for Sensible Drug Policy (SSDP). UTC students are varied in their opinions on this issue. "We recognize the "War on Drugs" has caused a lot of harm and that now there is far too much emphasis on crime and punishment and not enough emphasis on effective strategies at preventing drug use," Tom Angell, the head of SSDP, said. As a part of the "War on Drugs," the Higher Education Act prevents students who have drug convictions from receiving federal student aid, Angell said. [continues 472 words]
Tullahoma and other surrounding communities may be gaining ground in a methamphetamine battle due to legislation regulating over-the-counter drug product sales, but the move has shifted the illegal consumption focus to imported narcotics and a past trend -- crack cocaine. Members of the 14th Judicial District Drug and Violent Crime Task Force made a presentation at the Tullahoma Drug Free Task Force's February meeting, airing that point. Billy Cook, 14th Judicial District Task Force director, said laws passed more recently statewide after Tullahoma had its own restrictions on over-the-counter drug sales have made a tremendous difference in curbing methamphetamine abuse. [continues 392 words]
U.S. Rep. Bart Gordon's legislation designed to stem the scourge of methamphetamine in the nation's communities cleared the U.S. House of Representatives today. "We have a duty to protect innocent families not only from the criminals who make and use this illegal drug, but also from the aftereffects of that crime," said Gordon, Chairman of the House Committee on Science and Technology. The House approved H.R. 365, the Methamphetamine Remediation Research Act of 2007, and the bill now goes to the Senate for consideration. [continues 333 words]
WASHINGTON - U.S. Rep. Bart Gordon's legislation designed to stem the scourge of methamphetamine in the nation's communities cleared the U.S. House of Representatives today. "We have a duty to protect innocent families not only from the criminals who make and use this illegal drug, but also from the aftereffects of that crime," said Gordon, Chairman of the House Committee on Science and Technology. The House approved H.R. 365, the Methamphetamine Remediation Research Act of 2007, and the bill now goes to the Senate for consideration. [continues 333 words]
SURGOINSVILLE - Meth lab seizures in Hawkins County last year were cut to one third the level of the previous several years as scores of traffickers and manufacturers have gone to prison and state laws make it harder to obtain meth ingredients. But, as is usually the case in the world of illegal drugs, when one product is taken off the market, another steps up to take its place. The next big drug problem to be faced by area law enforcement may be cocaine, which has been popping up in arrests in greater quantities in recent weeks. [continues 489 words]
Students' Brazen Acts May Expand Zero-Tolerance List Bringing a crack pipe to school, having sex on campus or vandalizing school property are among student conduct violations likely to get harsher punishment soon in some Midstate school systems. School officials say they're forced to revise their policies annually to keep up with students' more brazen behaviors. "We look at what's going on in our schools. What are we running into?" said Rick Miller, discipline coordinator for Wilson County schools and principal of MAP Academy, an alternative school in Lebanon. [continues 500 words]
Tennessee collected almost $1.8 million in taxes on cocaine, crack, moonshine and other "unauthorized substances" in 2006, the second year the tax was in effect. The $1,773,535 collected last year marked a 3.4 percent increase from 2005. Drug dealers, moonshiners and other purveyors of controlled and illicit substances are supposed to purchase tax stamps under the 2-year-old law, the state Department of Revenue said in a release. The tax, dubbed the "crack tax" when enacted, has come under attack from attorneys across the state because it is assessed against the accused before their guilt or innocence was decided. [continues 119 words]
To the editor, I'm writing about D. David Darcy's thoughtful letter: "Nation's war against drugs has never worked" (12-30-06). Our so-called drug war and our war and occupation of Iraq are very similar. Both were started with lies and false pretenses. The war in Iraq is over. We won. What we have now is an occupation of Iraq. Occupations cannot be won. Who is going to surrender and sign the peace treaty? The so-called war on drugs cannot be won. Who is going to surrender and sign the peace treaty? The war on drugs is an occupation, a career, an industry and huge bureaucracy. The goal of the drug war is not to win, but rather to continue and expand. [continues 63 words]
To the editor, Redford Givens, in his letter, wants the rest of us to believe that the current war on drugs should be given up. "After 92 straight years of failure," he states, "it is amazing that The Daily News Journal still thinks there is any virtue in a lunatic drug crusade. Rather than saving kids from dangerous drugs, drug prohibition exposes everyone to a dangerous criminal black market that functions in the shadows of Murfreesboro and every other city in Tennessee." [continues 287 words]
Parents must talk with their children about all kinds of drugs. When parents are having "drug talks" with their children, they need to include legal pharmaceuticals in the warnings. A national survey on teen use of drugs in 2006 found that while abuse of illegal drugs and alcohol is on the decline, high school and middle school misuse of prescription narcotics and over-the-counter cough and cold medicine is still going strong. Regular marijuana use among teens has declined for the fifth year in a row, according to the annual survey conducted by the University of Michigan for the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Other drugs on a decline are methamphetamine and crack cocaine. Unfortunately, the use of LSD, inhalants, cocaine, crystal meth, heroin, narcotics other than heroin, tranquilizers and sedatives remained steady. [continues 200 words]
It's one thing to have criminals in jail, they belong there. But crime in jail is something different. Gibson County residents should be outraged by news of illegal drug activity in the Gibson County Correctional Complex. Fortunately, a crack down has begun. It should continue until all signs of illegal drug activity are removed from the jail. A county mechanic and two inmates were charged Tuesday with various illegal drug crimes involving introducing drugs into the jail complex. Later in the week, a third inmate was charged with possession of illegal drugs in the jail. The arrests came following an investigation and thorough searching of inmates. Gibson County Sheriff Chuck Arnold said jail and inmate searches would continue. [continues 191 words]
But Most Don't Volunteer To Pony Up; Collections Usually Come After Arrests NASHVILLE -- Tennessee's tax on illegal drugs was a head-scratcher when the state legislature enacted it in 2004 -- What drug dealer would pay it? -- but it netted nearly $1.8 million in 2006, state tax collectors announced Tuesday. The Department of Revenue said it collected $1.774 million in "unauthorized substances tax" last year, up from the $1.715 million the tax generated in 2005, the first year it was collected. [continues 288 words]
To the editor, Mr. Sharpe's article was right on the money for such a short piece. Unfortunately, at some point in the future, history will record America's 20th century as the nation hiding its head so far in the ground that only its shoulders kept it all above ground. From January 1990 through December 1999, because of Iraq, America was NEVER at peace with itself. First, we fought ourselves over booze as we created some form of Al Capone in every city. No, not just major cities; every city in America, as gangsters and innocent citizens died in gang wars over the underground rights to selling booze. Almost as the anti-booze war ended, World War II brought some peace or at least a semblance of it, but McCarthy created his own era of Nazi fear as his "committee" lynch mob raided America's entertainment industry. [continues 344 words]
To the editor, Regarding your Dec. 15 editorial: Rutherford County's police-state approach to substance abuse will make for an interesting class discussion when the Bill of Rights is covered, but it won't likely impact rates of drug use. The steady rise in drug-sniffing dogs in schools, warrantless police searches, and random drug testing have led to a loss of civil liberties in America, while failing miserably at preventing drug use. Based on findings that criminal records are inappropriate as health interventions and ineffective as deterrents, a majority of European Union countries have decriminalized marijuana. Despite marijuana prohibition and perhaps because of forbidden fruit appeal, lifetime use of marijuana is higher in the United States than any European country. [continues 129 words]
To the editor, After 92 straight years of failure, it is amazing that The Daily News Journal still thinks there is any virtue in a lunatic drug crusade. Rather than saving kids from dangerous drugs, drug prohibition exposes everyone to a dangerous criminal black market that functions in the shadows of Murfreesboro and every other city in Tennessee. History shows that no one was robbing, whoring and murdering to get drugs when addicts could buy all of the heroin, morphine, cocaine and anything else they wanted cheaply and legally at the corner pharmacy. A legal heroin habit cost less than tobacco addiction (25 cents per week) and "drug crime" was unknown. [continues 365 words]
$4.7b Estimate Exceeds Top 3 Legal Crops By Jennifer Brooks, Staff Writer Tennessee's biggest cash crop isn't cotton or soybeans or corn. It's marijuana. State officials have known this for years and responded with an ever-escalating war on the drug -- patrolling the skies, searching remote mountainsides with heat sensors, sending in the National Guard, burning the crops to the ground and casting a wide net to catch the drug as it moves across the state. Using law enforcement's own records of marijuana seizures, a group dedicated to the legalization of marijuana has released a new report, ranking Tennessee number two in the nation in marijuana cultivation. [continues 366 words]
$4.7b Estimate Exceeds Top 3 Legal Crops Tennessee's biggest cash crop isn't cotton or soybeans or corn. It's marijuana. State officials have known this for years and responded with an ever-escalating war on the drug -- patrolling the skies, searching remote mountainsides with heat sensors, sending in the National Guard, burning the crops to the ground and casting a wide net to catch the drug as it moves across the state. Using law enforcement's own records of marijuana seizures, a group dedicated to the legalization of marijuana has released a new report, ranking Tennessee number two in the nation in marijuana cultivation. [continues 366 words]
DeSoto County officials bailed out an endangered drug enforcement squad that roots out dealers and traffickers in Hernando and rural areas. The Board of Supervisors OK'd $150,386 Monday to offset a loss of federal funds that threatened to shut down the Metro Narcotics Task Force after Jan. 1. The funding will keep the team going through Sept. 30, 2007. The action came after Dist. Atty. John Champion and Sheriff James Albert Riley made strong pitches for county taxpayers to pick up a tab left unpaid by a federal grant. [continues 438 words]
$4.7b Estimate Exceeds Top 3 Legal Crops By Jennifer Brooks, Staff Writer Tennessee's biggest cash crop isn't cotton or soybeans or corn. It's marijuana. State officials have known this for years and responded with an ever-escalating war on the drug -- patrolling the skies, searching remote mountainsides with heat sensors, sending in the National Guard, burning the crops to the ground and casting a wide net to catch the drug as it moves across the state. Using law enforcement's own records of marijuana seizures, a group dedicated to the legalization of marijuana has released a new report, ranking Tennessee number two in the nation in marijuana cultivation. [continues 364 words]
High school students don't have much to complain about when it comes to random law enforcement sweeps for drugs and weapons. There's no place on our campuses for these things, and we support efforts by the Rutherford County Sheriff's Department to make sure schools are clean. Law enforcement officers using K-9s searched Blackman and Oakland high schools Monday, asking schools to keep all students in classrooms until the sweep was complete. No illicit items were found at Oakland, but authorities arrested three students at Blackman on drug charges after finding marijuana in their cars. Under the school system's zero-tolerance policy, all three were expelled along with another student whose car had knives in it. [continues 370 words]
As part of on-going efforts to provide safe learning environments in the Rutherford County Schools system, two high schools were scanned today for drugs using specially trained K-9 units. The two schools -- Blackman High and Oakland High -- were selected at random, and similar scans are planned for all other high schools in the county sometime this school year, Director of Schools Harry Gill Jr. said. The operation was part of a joint effort between the Rutherford County Schools system and the Rutherford County Sheriff's Department School Resource Officer program to emphasize the school system's strict anti-drug stance. [continues 183 words]
53-Year-Old 'Sweet Lady' Has Run Crack House For Decade It was justice meted out with a big dose of reluctance. Faced with the prospects of putting a 53-year-old woman behind bars for more than 16 years, Senior U.S. District Judge James H. Jarvis on Monday was clearly troubled. "If you were a big burly man standing out there, this would be so much easier," Jarvis told Jamsey L. Foster. "You're a sweet lady, but I'm going to have to put you in the penitentiary." [continues 300 words]
How should Tallahassee respond to the growing use of methamphetamine? During the crack epidemic of the '80s, New York City chose the zero-tolerance approach, opting to arrest and prosecute as many offenders as possible. Meanwhile, Washington, D.C., Mayor Marion Barry was smoking crack, and America's capital had the highest murder rate in the country. Yet crack use declined in both cities simultaneously. Simply put, the younger generation saw what crack was doing to older brothers and sisters and decided that crack was bad news. This is not to say nothing can be done about methamphetamine. Access to drug treatment is critical for the current generation of meth users. Diverting resources from prisons and into cost-effective treatment would save both tax dollars and lives. Robert Sharpe Policy analyst, Common Sense for Drug Policy www.csdp.org [end]
It was Thanksgiving eve as I sat in the living room of my son's suburban Atlanta home having a conversation with him as he and his wife's 26-month-old son moved happily about the room. Suddenly, my son asked me, "Did you hear what happened here last night?" No, I replied. What my son told me seemed almost unbelievable: Using a no-knock warrant obtained after claiming they had purchased drugs there earlier in the day, three Atlanta undercover police officers burst into an 88-year-old woman's house before identifying themselves. The officers were met by gunfire from the woman who apparently thought her home was being burglarized. [continues 478 words]
Department of Energy officials are further postponing cleanup work at an Oak Ridge National Laboratory facility on a project already 20 months behind schedule and $10 million over budget. The latest delay at the Molten Salt Reactor is because of suspected drug use and other personnel issues, The Knoxville News Sentinel reports. The cleanup project has been halted since a fluorine leak in May. "It's one of the harder decisions I've had to make," said Steve McCracken, who heads the environmental management program in Oak Ridge. "This thing is costing me money, and I can't seem to get it done. I need to get it done. I would very much like to get it done." [continues 226 words]
JOHNSON CITY - What started out as a small marijuana bust in Johnson County has since led to major recoveries of the drug in both Johnson City and Abingdon, Va. The investigation into possible drug activity started when the Johnson County Sheriff's Department provided information to the 1st Judicial District Drug Task Force that led to the successful execution of a search warrant there. During that investigation, the DTF received information that a 26 year old man would be traveling through Johnson City to conduct marijuana transactions in early October. [continues 194 words]
Inside Tennessee
