Pubdate: Mon, 05 Jan 2015
Source: Prince George Citizen (CN BC)
Copyright: 2015 Prince George Citizen
Contact:  http://www.princegeorgecitizen.com/
Details: http://www.mapinc.org/media/350
Author: Sheryl Ubelacker
Page: 5

GOING TO POT

Could marijuana legalization come to Canada?

Smoke it, toke it, vape it, eat it - marijuana, it seems, is going
mainstream. Once widely reviled by society at large as the demon weed,
medical-grade cannabis is now available through federally licensed
growers with a doctor's prescription and even some highly respected
health organizations are calling for the herb to be legalized and sold
as a taxable commodity like alcohol, in government-regulated outlets.

At the same time, Canadians also appear to be softening their
attitudes towards the drug.

"They see it as more normal," says Lorne Bozinoff, president and CEO
of Forum Research, which found in an August poll that 66 per cent of
almost 1,800 respondents across the country supported either complete
legalization or decriminalization for possession of small amounts.

"Just 16 per cent wanted the laws left unchanged, while 14 per cent
champion the notion of stiffer penalties.

"We don't get numbers like that in polling, where two-thirds of
Canadians agree on the same thing," says Bozinoff.

"In any event, a huge, huge majority of people - excluding the prime
minister - are OK with either the legalization with taxation or
decriminalization of marijuana," he says, referring to the Harper
government's tough-on-drugs stance.

"So that's where the country's moved to, and this is a good social
barometer of where the country's at."

Some health groups have also shifted their attitude towards cannabis,
although their reasons are more about protecting Canadians' health.

Early this year, the chief medical officers of health for B.C.,
Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia called on Ottawa to rethink its marijuana
control strategy, including considering regulation and taxation.

"There is clear evidence to demonstrate that the so-called war on
drugs has not achieved its stated objectives of reducing rates of drug
use or drug availability," said B.C.'s Dr. Perry Kendall.

"There are alternative approaches that have proved more effective in
protecting public heath while not enriching organized crime and
driving gang violence."

The Canadian Public Health Association echoed that sentiment in its
own policy statement, saying "Canada needs a public health approach to
managing illegal psychoactive substances that de-emphasizes
criminalization and stigma in favour of evidence-based strategies to
reduce harm."

In October, the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) threw
its support behind legalization, saying a few select strains of
marijuana should be sold like beer, wine and spirits in outlets like
the Liquor Control Board of Ontario, with strict age limits to prevent
its purchase by minors.

"We are actually not favourable to what has been happening in Colorado
and Washington," said Jurgen Rehm, director of social and
epidemiological research at CAMH, referring to the first two U.S.
states to legalize weed (Alaska, Oregon and Washington, D.C., recently
followed suit.)

In Colorado, for instance, pot is sold in stores with few restrictions
and even advertised on TV, said Rehm, likening the state's wide-open
legalization to the Wild West.

CAMH wants to see only a few varieties sold in regulated outlets, and
only those that contain moderate levels of THC, the main psychoactive
substance in grass, said Rehm, noting that the drug carries a number
of dangers, including fatalities when stoned drivers get behind the
wheel and the risk of developing dependence.

"Let's do it correct from the beginning. Let's not say this is a
harmless drug, nothing will ever happen. No, it is a drug, it has
consequences. They may be less than with alcohol, but it's still a
pretty severe consequence."

Marc Emery, the self-styled "Prince of Pot" who returned to Canada in
August after more than four years serving a U.S. prison sentence for
selling cannabis seeds to Americans, says the city he calls home
offers a good model for the rest of the country.

"Vancouver right now is closest to how legalization would look in many
ways than any of the legal jurisdictions like Washington State or
Colorado or even Alaska and Oregon," he says.

"The reason I say that is because we have very little crime related to
marijuana use, and yet we have over 60 dispensaries now selling
marijuana and most of them sell 10 to 20 different varieties, and it's
priced cheaper in Vancouver than any other place in the western
hemisphere."

In Vancouver, a gram of weed sells for $5 on average; next-door in
Washington state, the same quantity goes for $28 in government
licensed stores, says Emery, whose Cannabis Culture store peddles pot
and related products.

While marijuana remains illegal, he says there seems to be a detente
with Vancouver police, who tend to look the other way when it comes to
simple possession.

"The results are in - there's very little social negative byproduct as
a rule of this proliferating marijuana market. It attracts nice
tourists, it attracts people from the rest of the province, it
provides a lot of cash to the neighbourhoods and everybody's very
well-behaved because no one wants to rock that boat."

Politically, the normalization of marijuana was also given a boost
last year when federal Liberal Leader Justin Trudeau came out in
favour of legalization, a position met with a flurry of attacks by the
Harper government, which has remained steadfast in its opposition to
softening the law.

While the New Democrats want to see decriminalization, Justice
Minister Peter MacKay has said his Conservative government is
considering stricter enforcement of marijuana laws, including possibly
making possession of small quantities of dope a ticketing offence.

The pollster Bozinoff believes the Tories are out of step on the
issue.

"I think they thought they had caught Justin Trudeau in a gotcha
moment. They made a big deal over the whole marijuana thing, and no
one cared, as the numbers showed."

Indeed, the government's change in medical marijuana regulations,
which designates licensed producers to supply the drug via a doctor's
prescription, has also bolstered the argument for legalization because
proponents can point to a specific example of Canadians who've been
given legal access, he says.

"When something is allowed for one small group, the taboo is broken.
It's allowed and it's no big deal. The world didn't end."

Rehm also believes the change in how medicinal pot is supplied has
opened a "sort of side door" to legalization, which he predicts could
occur as early as next year if the Liberals win the federal election
slated for October.

"If you legalize it or you don't legalize it, it will be even wider
used," he says.

"Right now, we already have 42 per cent of all Ontarians below 30
using it. If you look at lifetime prevalence, it's in the 70s [per
cent].

"This is a normalized behaviour. It may be officially prohibited, but
it is what most young people at some point in their lives have
experienced and this is to some point irreversible."

[sidebar]

Key dates in Canada's weed history

VANCOUVER - A timeline of some significant events in the history of 
marijuana in Canada:

1922: Pioneering feminist Emily Murphy publishes an inflammatory book,
The Black Candle. She claims marijuana turns its users into homicidal
maniacs.

1923: Cannabis is added to the Schedule of the Opium and Narcotic
Control Act.

1969: Canadian government establishes a Commission of Inquiry Into the
Non-Medical Use of Drugs, known as the Le Dain commission after its
chairman, Gerald Le Dain.

1972: The commission recommends decriminalizing simple cannabis
possession and cultivation for personal purposes.

1976: The Netherlands effectively decriminalizes marijuana.

1977: Then-prime minister Pierre Trudeau tells a group of students:
"If you have a joint and you're smoking it for your private pleasure,
you shouldn't be hassled."

1978: New Mexico passes the first state law recognizing the medical
value of marijuana.

1996: California becomes the first state to legalize medical
marijuana.

1999: Two Canadian patients get the federal OK to smoke
pot.

2000: Court rules Canadians have a constitutional right to use
cannabis as a medicine.

2001: Canadian Medical Marihuana Access Regulations grant legal access
to cannabis for individuals with HIV/AIDS and other illnesses.
Authorized patients can grow their own pot or obtain it from
authorized producers or Health Canada.

2012: Ballot measures in Colorado and Washington legalize recreational
use of small amounts of marijuana.

2013: New regulations change the Canadian medical marijuana access
rules, shifting to licensed commercial growers for supply and away
from homegrown. Some 37,800 people authorized to possess marijuana
under the federal program, up from fewer than 100 in 2001.

2014: Patients and producers authorized under the old regulations
required to destroy stocks of pot and cannabis seeds, although a
Federal Court has granted a temporary injunction allowing continued
use of home-grown medical marijuana until legal arguments can be heard.
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MAP posted-by: Matt