Pubdate: Sun, 31 Jul 2005 Source: Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (PA) Copyright: 2005 PG Publishing Contact: http://www.post-gazette.com/ Details: http://www.mapinc.org/media/341 Authors: Michael A. Fuoco, and Torsten Ove, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Bookmark: http://www.mapinc.org/meth.htm (Methamphetamine) GROWTH OF METHAMPHETAMINE USE NEW WORRY FOR REGION The Pittsburgh region has never been known for being on the cutting edge of trends, but that's not always a bad thing. Graphic: Meth lab incidents on the rise (http://www.post-gazette.com/popup.asp?img=http://www.post-gazette.com/images3/20050731methlab-stats.gif) Just ask area law-enforcement officials who are dreading the arrival of methamphetamine and its attendant health, crime, public safety and environmental ramifications as the highly addictive drug moves eastward from Western and Southwestern states. "This is one area where it's good to be behind," U.S. Attorney Mary Beth Buchanan said, noting that while methamphetamine production and abuse are major problems in states such as California, Arizona, Oklahoma and Kansas, the Northeast drug market still is dominated by heroin and cocaine. Meth abuse in southwestern Pennsylvania appears to be so small that Pittsburgh police have not arrested anyone on the street in possession of the central nervous system stimulant, said police Cmdr. William Valenta Jr., head of the narcotics unit. By contrast, heroin accounts for 80 percent of all Pittsburgh police drug seizures, confirming it as the drug of choice here. Laboratories in region That's not to say meth use and clandestine laboratories aren't already here. Authorities raided a lab in a trailer in Cranberry on July 22. City police discovered a lab in February in the 500 block of South Graham Street in Shadyside. In November, a lab was dismantled in McKees Rocks, forcing the evacuation of 16 homes because of the potential explosiveness of chemicals used in making meth. A lab was hit in September 2003 in Brighton Heights. A month earlier, a lab was discovered in Coraopolis; a month before that, Stowe police stumbled upon one. And in March 2004, authorities broke up a methamphetamine ring operating in Westmoreland and Armstrong counties. Statewide, the Pennsylvania State Police Clandestine Laboratory Response Team has been activated 89 times this year. Capt. David F. Young, director of the state police Drug Law Enforcement Division, estimated a year-end total of 160 activations, continuing a recent tread of yearly increases. An activation includes raiding labs or dealing with dumps where meth waste products are left or areas containing chemicals that could make methamphetamine. The team was called out 128 times last year, including 106 times for meth labs, Young said. In 2003, the team responded 64 times, up from 34 in 2002. Young said that while the increases were dramatic, it was necessary to keep Pennsylvania's numbers in the context of other states' experiences. For example, he said, law enforcement counterparts in Missouri average 11 call-outs a day, or about what Pennsylvania averages in a month. Ohio and West Virginia are experiencing a higher occurrence than Pennsylvania, with 281 and 159 incidents, respectively, according to 2004 statistics from the federal Drug Enforcement Administration. "Meth is on the rise," said Lt. Rick Zwayer, a spokesman for the Ohio Highway Patrol. "Our troopers are encountering it on more occasions." In West Virginia, state police are finding clandestine labs in homes, trailers and "just about anywhere you can cook that stuff," state police Sgt. Jay Powers said. What Pennsylvania police mostly are finding are labs designed to make small batches for personal use. They aren't discovering the "superlabs" of the West and Southwest, where Mexican drug rings produce large quantities for distribution throughout the United States. Mexicans taking over The shift of large-scale meth production to Mexican networks is a change. In the 1970s and 1980s, distribution was largely controlled by La Cosa Nostra and the Pagans motorcycle gang. In the early 1980s, Philadelphia was known as the meth capital of the nation. Methamphetamine availability in the Northeast, especially in rural areas, has increased over the past year, according to the 2005 National Drug Threat Assessment report by the National Drug Intelligence Center, headquartered in Johnstown. Nevertheless, the report said, availability remains lower in this region than in any other part of the country. Nationally, law enforcement agencies say, the threat associated with methamphetamine trafficking and abuse has increased sharply since 2002 and now exceeds that of any other drug. The NDIC said the percentage of state and local police that identified meth as the greatest drug threat in their areas had increased from 31 percent in 2002 to 36.2 percent in 2003 and 39.6 percent in 2004. Last year marked the first time that methamphetamine as a threat surpassed cocaine (35.6 percent). Its ranking is much higher than marijuana (12 percent), heroin (8.6 percent) and Ecstasy (0.6 percent). Highly addictive Methamphetamine can be smoked, inhaled or injected. It is a highly addictive stimulant, similar in effect to cocaine but longer lasting and much more intense, said Dr. Neil Capretto, medical director of Gateway Rehabilitation Center. Addicts sometimes go on binges lasting up to four days without sleep or food, are agitated and paranoid and can suffer from chemical-induced psychosis, all of which makes them potentially violent. And when addicts "crash," or come down, they can become profoundly depressed and even suicidal, Capretto said. "That's what traps them because what they know will get them out of that is more methamphetamine," he said . Nevertheless, about 20 of the 5,000 to 7,000 people Gateway treats a year are there for meth addiction. Most of them have been from Clarion, Venango and Crawford counties, Capretto said. "We've been lucky in Western Pennsylvania because the problem for the most part has missed us or has been minimal," he said. Part of the problem in stemming meth use is that it can be made from ingredients such as pseudoephedrine, found in over-the-counter cold and allergy medications. Other ingredients commonly used in meth recipes include hydrochloric acid, drain cleaner, battery acid, lye, lantern fuel and antifreeze, all easily obtainable. The mixture of such potentially volatile substances in confined spaces by untrained and often high or crashing addicts presents the potential for harming others, either through explosions or noxious vapors. That's why officers who raid clandestine labs are trained in handling hazardous materials and always have a chemist, firefighters, medics and other public-safety personnel on hand. "Unlike other drugs, this has the opportunity to impact the community worse then anything else," Young, of the state police, said. Buchanan, the U.S. attorney, said meth production was on the rise, particularly in the rural counties south of Erie. Several of the labs busted in the northern counties were set up by distributors, she said, not by those making meth for themselves. Of the Pittsburgh-area meth labs, Buchanan said, only the one found in McKees Rocks was capable of making enough for distribution. Despite the relatively small scale of the meth trade here, law enforcement officials are preparing for its growth. "We're pretty much ahead of the curve with enforcement, with training," Young said. "We probably are able to keep our numbers from getting out of hand as a result of paying attention to what happened nationally as a trend. "It didn't hit here first, so we had the luxury of seeing what happened out West." Pennsylvania is following other states in considering laws to battle the problem. Bills have been introduced in the Legislature to regulate the sales of cold medicines with meth ingredients. Buchanan will meet in Harrisburg Aug. 8 with U.S. Rep. John Peterson, R-Venango, and her counterparts in Harrisburg and Philadelphia to discuss the growing threat. West Virginia began this month restricting the purchase of over-the-counter drugs containing ephedrine, pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine. They are not displayed openly, buyers must show identification and sign for the purchase, and the seller must report transactions to the state. The law is similar to one passed in Oklahoma, where the number of meth labs reportedly has been reduced by more than 60 percent since its passage. Oregon House members approved a bill this month that, if approved by the state Senate, would make the state the first to require prescriptions for medicine containing meth precursors. - --- MAP posted-by: Jay Bergstrom