Pubdate: Tue, 28 Jun 2005
Source: Los Angeles Times (CA)
Copyright: 2005 Los Angeles Times
Contact:  http://www.latimes.com/
Details: http://www.mapinc.org/media/248
Author: Sonni Efron, Times Staff Writer
Bookmark: http://www.mapinc.org/topics/colombia

DRUG WAR FAILS TO DENT U.S. SUPPLY

Despite $5.4 Billion Spent Since 2000, Coca Growth In The Andes Is
High And Prices In America Low. More Money Is On The Table.

WASHINGTON - The Bush administration and congressional allies are
gearing up to renew a plan for drug eradication in Latin America
despite some grim news: The $5.4 billion spent on the plan since 2000
has made no dent in the availability of cocaine on American streets
and prices are at all-time lows.

United Nations figures released this month show that coca cultivation
in the Andean region increased by 2% in 2004 as declines in Colombia
were swamped by massive increases in Peru and Bolivia. And the
nonpartisan Congressional Research Service said last week that the
anti-drug effort had had "no effect" on the price or purity of drugs
in the United States.

The findings have fueled skepticism in Congress, where conservative
groups have joined efforts to lobby against continued funding. The
National Taxpayers Union called the anti-drug program a
"boondoggle."

Nonetheless, a House committee last week approved the administration's
request for $734.5 million for next year as part of a foreign aid
bill. Debate on the bill could start as early as today. President Bush
also may unveil a renewed multiyear commitment to South American
anti-drug efforts this year when Colombian President Alvaro Uribe, a
staunch U.S. ally, is expected to visit.

"We are heading in the right direction and we are winning," the
federal drug czar, John P. Walters, told Congress last month.

"Plan Colombia"  a six-year effort by Washington and Bogota to
eliminate drug trafficking, end more than 40 years of armed conflict
with rebels and promote economic and legal reform in Colombia  expires
this year. The Bush administration wants to continue it, a senior
State Department official said.

"You adjust your tactics and you adjust your resources," the official
said. "There's no inclination on the part of our administration to
give up just because it's tough."

Negotiations with Bogota over details of a successor program to Plan
Colombia will begin next month, the official said.

Administration and some congressional officials say Plan Colombia has
had some striking success. Killings, massacres of villagers and other
attacks blamed on drug trafficking all have fallen sharply since 2002,
and kidnappings have fallen by half, according to Colombian Defense
Ministry figures, even though this year has seen a resurgence of violence.

Drug crop eradication and drug interdictions are cutting into the
profits of Colombia's right-wing paramilitaries and leftist rebels,
Walters told Congress last month.

Walters testified that "cocaine production in the Andes has declined
by 29% since 2001, and Colombia's opium crop was cut in half from 2003
to 2004." He said the reason that price and availability had not been
affected was the lag of six months to a year between the time when the
coca plant was harvested and when its cocaine was available on
American streets.

The reports call the administration's assessment into question.
Whereas cocaine production fell 11% in Colombia in 2004, it soared by
23% in Peru and 35% in Bolivia, according to the report by the U.N.
Office on Drugs and Crime. Overall, coca cultivation in the region
increased 2%, the U.N. study said.

"The [U.N.] numbers are devastating," said Adam Isacson of the Center
for International Policy, which has argued that eradication campaigns
must be accompanied by large-scale development efforts that offer
peasants alternative livelihoods.

"The spraying, when it isn't accompanied by any alternative
development, doesn't seem to discourage [coca farmers] from trying
again, because there just aren't a lot of other good choices out
there," Isacson said.

Peasants have responded by planting even more coca, hiding it under
trees and among other crops, and turning to varieties that produce a
higher yield, the U.N. report said.

Whether or not the anti-drug effort is succeeding, the U.S. foreign
aid budget is under new scrutiny, especially with the war in Iraq
costing more than $4 billion a month and a $379-billion deficit
looming for 2006. Colombia, the fifth-largest recipient of U.S. aid
after Iraq, Israel, Egypt and Afghanistan, could be a target for cuts.

The Congressional Research Service tallied State Department and
Defense Department spending on the Andean Counterdrug Initiative at
$5.4 billion since 2000. Though the anti-drug program aids Peru,
Bolivia, Ecuador, Brazil, Panama and Venezuela, Colombia has received
most of the money, about $4.5 billion."While there has been measurable
progress in Colombia's internal security, as indicated by decreases in
violence, and in the eradication of drug crops, no effect has been
seen with regard to price, purity and availability of cocaine and
heroin in the United States," the research agency report said.

The report said Colombia was no closer to ending its decades-long
armed strife.

The conservative National Taxpayers Union last week called for the
program to be cut back or killed.

"By all measurable criteria, Plan Colombia's effectiveness is
dubious," said Paul Gessing, governmental affairs director of the
anti-tax group. "It's a big taxpayer boondoggle."

Liberals also contend that the program is wasteful. Rep. James P.
McGovern (D-Mass.) plans to offer an amendment to the foreign aid bill
that would slash $100 million in U.S. military and security aid to
Colombia.

One senior U.S. government policy advisor, who spoke on condition of
anonymity out of fear he would be excluded from administration policy
discussions, agreed with many of the critics.

"It's a complete waste of money," the advisor said. "You have to ask
yourself, why are we in Colombia?"

He added: "The bottom line is not how much they produce or how much we
eradicate, the bottom line is, is there enough supply to meet the
demand [in the United States], and there always is. The traffickers
are always one step ahead of us."

Plan Colombia began under the Clinton administration primarily to
fight drugs. But after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, the Bush
administration has emphasized counter-terrorism and regional security.

While some conservatives wish to cut funding for Colombia, many
Democrats want to spend less on its military and more on rural
economic development. Democratic critics also wonder whether the U.S.
has an exit strategy for Colombia.

Rep. Sam Farr (D-Carmel), a former Peace Corps volunteer in Colombia,
said the U.S. effort there violates a key principle of international
aid: "Work yourself out of a job."

After five years of U.S. funding, American military advisors are still
training Colombian troops and American companies are still being paid
to maintain expensive U.S. Black Hawk helicopters, Farr said.

"Look at how much attention is being paid to building local capacity
in Iraq so we can leave," Farr said. "This is where we're failing in
the war on drugs, because we're not developing the capacity of these
countries to handle their own problems."
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MAP posted-by: Larry Seguin