Pubdate: Mon, 17 May 2004
Source: Wall Street Journal (US)
Copyright: 2004 Dow Jones & Company, Inc.
Contact: http://www.wsj.com/
Details: http://www.mapinc.org/media/487
Author: Vanessa Fuhrmans, Leila Abboud
Bookmark: http://www.mapinc.org/topics/Actiq (Actiq)
Bookmark: http://www.mapinc.org/oxycontin.htm (Oxycontin/Oxycodone)
NARCOTIC ACTIQ'S USE AND ABUSE RAISE CONCERN
In the wake of the controversy over the prescription narcotic Oxycontin,
health experts and insurers are raising concerns about the increasing use
- -- and abuse -- of Actiq, a newer and faster-acting prescription painkiller.
Actiq, derived from opium, comes in the form of a berry-flavored lollipop
or lozenge that takes seven to 15 minutes to hit the bloodstream after a
patient places it in the mouth. The drug, sold by Cephalon Inc. of West
Chester, Pa., was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1998 for
severe spikes in pain. It is so powerful and potentially addictive that its
label says Actiq "is intended to be used only by oncologists and pain
specialists" knowledgeable in using opioids to treat cancer patients who
are already tolerant to opioid therapy for their underlying chronic pain.
But use of Actiq appears to have grown far beyond cancer treatment. Among
the 321,463 U.S. prescriptions written for Actiq last year -- up from
77,478 in 2001 -- 26% were written by family-practice doctors or
internists, five times the number in 2001, according to data from
NDCHealth, a health-care information company.
Workers compensation programs usually handle relatively few cases of
cancer. Yet in 2003, as more doctors prescribed the drug to patients, Actiq
shot up to 15th on the list of total medication costs in worker's comp
claims at The Hartford Financial Services Group. It had ranked 66th two
years before.
In many cases, patients with back or neck pain or other ailments are taking
the drug four or more times a day, racking up annual bills of $12,000 to
$18,000 for Actiq alone, says George Furlong, vice president of provider
and payment services for CHOICE Medical Management Services, a Tampa, Fla.,
workers-compensation managed care company. Those big bills have prompted
many health plans to keep Actiq off their formularies for covered drugs or
to require special authorization for its use. As of May 1, Medi-Cal,
California's Medicaid program, will cover Actiq only after a doctor shows
that it is for cancer-related pain. But provisions in many states prevent
workers-comp administrators from restricting coverage of painkillers like
Actiq, even for nonapproved use.
Off-label drug use, that is, administering a drug for an illness the drug
wasn't specifically approved to treat, isn't illegal and is common in
medical fields in which doctors tend to experiment with the latest advances
in therapy. Some pain specialists report small doses of Actiq successfully
treats sources of severe chronic pain such as migraines.
But some addiction specialists say the drug's growing use has coincided
with an increase in its abuse and illegal trade. In recent months, police
in Philadelphia made several arrests of people who allegedly sold Actiq on
the street for $20 a dose under the name "perc-a-pop."
Jake Epperly, president and clinical director of Midwest Rapid Opiate
Detoxification Specialists and New Hope Recovery Center in Chicago, says
his staff treated their first cases of Actiq addiction about three years
ago. In most of those early cases, patients originally had been prescribed
the painkiller for a legitimate injury. In the past 18 months, Mr. Epperly
has started seeing people who got Actiq illegally or by doctor shopping.
So far, no one is calling Actiq the next Oxycontin, which became a widely
abused street drug. Actiq may not have as much street appeal because it
isn't as cheap and its effects aren't as long-lasting.
But some addiction specialists and pharmacists say Actiq's powerful, sudden
relief makes it particularly enticing for some drug abusers. Unlike
Oxycontin, "Actiq is designed to deliver a quick effect in the first
place," says Robert Bonner, vice president of medical claims and medical
director at The Hartford. "It is ripe for misdirection."
In a survey of some 200 law enforcement agencies, diversions of Actiq to
street sales were reported seven times in 2002, while diversions of
Duragesic, a patch with the same pain-killing ingredient as Actiq, were
reported 159 times, says James Inciardi, director of the Center of Drug and
Alcohol Studies at the University of Delaware.
Doctors disagree on whether use of Actiq should be strictly limited to
prevent abuse. "People start feeling the withdrawal and that makes them
think they actually need more," says Clifford Bernstein, an
anesthesiologist and medical director of the Waismann Institute in Beverly
Hills, Calif. Dr. Bernstein says he uses a fraction of the opioids to treat
patients' pain that many other pain specialists do.
Carl Hess, medical director of the Anaheim Memorial Pain Management Center,
says the drug can bring long-sought relief to certain patients dealing with
excruciating pain. However, he concedes that for some chronic-pain patients
"it can almost work too well."
Actiq still accounts for a very small piece of the multibillion-dollar
market for opioid pain medications. But sales have taken off since Cephalon
inherited the drug in October 2000 after taking over Salt Lake City biotech
firm Anesta Corp. Actiq sales have more than quadrupled since 2001 to $237
million last year, and Cephalon is predicting a 37% to 58% increase this
year. Sheryl Williams, a Cephalon spokeswoman, attributes the growth to
more recognition among physicians that pain remains an undertreated,
widespread problem.
Nevertheless, some of the robust growth is being driven by increased visits
by the company's 450 sales representatives to noncancer specialists. The
reps now pitch the product to pain specialists and even some primary-care
doctors who treat pain. Ms. Williams says the company calls on noncancer
specialists because many of them also treat cancer patients suffering from
pain.
- --Theo Francis contributed to this article.
Write to Vanessa Fuhrmans at and Leila Abboud
at GOING UP
Sidebar U.S. prescriptions of Actiq, in thousands
2001 2003
Total 77 321
DOCTOR* 2001 2003
Oncologists 5 7
Primary Care 16 83
Anesthesiologists 27 110
*Among the total of physicians who prescribe Actiq
Note: Numbers are rounded
Source: NDCHealth
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MAP posted-by: Thunder