Pubdate: Tue, 09 Sep 2003
Source: Imperial Valley Press (CA)
Copyright: 2003 Imperial Valley Press
Contact:  http://www.ivpressonline.com/
Details: http://www.mapinc.org/media/1877
Author: Ben Harper and Beth Lawton, Special to this newspaper

GAMBLING ADDICTION OFTEN OVERLOOKED

WASHINGTON - Jeff, an accountant from an affluent part of
Connecticut, speaks of his addiction with an intensity contradicting
his tussled, graying hair and laid-back appearance.

"I wouldn't wish this on my worst enemy. I got some people I don't
like out there, I wouldn't wish my problem on them to me. It's like
insidious," Jeff said.

But he's not an alcoholic, nor is he a drug addict. Jeff is a
pathological sports gambler.

Problem and pathological gambling is often overlooked among
addictions. But addicted gamblers can cost millions in productivity,
social services and crime. With easy accessibility to casinos,
lotteries and other gambling increasing, it's getting harder for
addicts to find help, according to gambling counselors.

"The problem is that I went on the Internet and put in compulsive
gambling treatment center and only three places came up," said Jeff,
who underwent counseling in August and asked that his real name not be
used.

The commercial casino industry spends millions on research and
supports a national hotline for gambling addicts, but other gambling
industries, such as lotteries and Indian-owned casinos, do little to
assist in financing research and treatment, American Gaming
Association President Frank J. Fahrenkopf Jr., said.

"We've got to admit that there are people like that, and then we've
got to do something about it," Fahrenkopf told Medill News Service in
July. "And what we've got to do about it is put our money where our
mouth is."

Many states faced with budget crises are cutting funding for treatment
of gambling addictions while looking to gambling for new sources of
revenue. The Texas chapter of the National Council on Problem Gambling
lost all $375,000 of its state funding this year, said Keith Whyte,
executive director of the National Council on Problem Gambling. The
Oregon and Massachusetts legislatures prepared budgets without
assistance for addicted gamblers but reinstated the funding.

Whyte said states spent $20 million helping addicted gamblers in 1998.
He estimated the spending might be $30 million now, still just a
fraction of the nation's $65-billion dollars in gambling revenue.

"One problem gambler can embezzle more than some states spend in a
year" treating gambling addicts, Whyte said.

Gamblers Anonymous, a support group for addicts, does not keep
statistics. Estimates of problem gamblers vary greatly. Fahrenkopf
puts the number at about 1 percent of the population. A 1999 report
from the National Gambling Impact Study Commission estimated it to be
1.5 percent of the adult population.

The commission, convened by Congress to study the impact of gambling
in the United States, also found between 3 and 7 percent of people who
had gambled in the past year reported symptoms of problem gambling.

The commission's study included more than a dozen recommendations to
combat gambling addiction, ranging from refusing service to any
customer exhibiting signs of problem gambling to posting hotline
numbers in casinos. More than four years after the study's release,
the gambling industry has disregarded most of the guidelines, Whyte
said.

Social, problem and pathological gamblers differ in their ability to
control themselves. While social gamblers have more control over the
time and money they spend gambling, problem gamblers have less
discipline, and pathological gamblers have little control over their
gambling, said Ken Abrams, a clinical psychology professor at
University of Richmond.

"Ultimately, this loss of control and loss of money causes problems
outside the casino," Abrams said.

Gambling addiction affects men and women of all races and ages and is
frequently accompanied by psychological issues and physical
addictions. Several high-profile gamblers reportedly have lost
millions, including Bill Bennett, the former drug czar and secretary
of education; singer Celine Dion's husband, Rene Angelil; and the late
Leonard Tose, former owner of the Philadelphia Eagles football team,
who testified before Congress that he lost $50 million playing slot
machines.

But while such prominent high-rollers have been in the spotlight,
millions of gambling addicts like Jeff have received less attention.

For many gamblers, the financial hurdles they must clear to get help
are almost as difficult as the emotional ones.

"Here's the deal most gamblers go through their money," Jeff said.
"And most gamblers go through relationships like a buzzsaw, and when
it's time to get better, there's no funds for them to get better." He
estimated he lost $700,000 primarily on sports betting. He was lucky
to be from a financially stable and supportive family and have an
insurance plan that helped pay for his four-week inpatient treatment
at the Harbour Center in Baltimore, a facility for gambling addicts.

Dealing with insurance companies has been a "constant problem" and
many insurance companies do not cover gambling addiction treatment,
said Dr. Ken Martz, clinical director at the Harbour Center. The
Americans with Disabilities Act specifically excludes gambling from
its protections.

Though there are no physical characteristics of problem gambling,
signs of it include mood changes, bragging about gambling wins without
mentioning losses, frequent requests for loans and marital problems,
according to the Harbour Center.

"With an alcoholic, you can maybe see them shaking or their face is
all red and whatnot, but a gambler can look you in the eye and tell
you he's not gambling and be gambling," Jeff said. "You can't smell
it."

Because it is not substance-based, some gamblers think they should be
able to stop gambling without help. Jeff couldn't.

"Gambling is like cancer,'' he said. ''It's a disease. It's a very,
very sick disease and a lot of people think, 'Oh, gambling, it's when
you scratch off a couple tickets, you go to a horse race, you go to
casinos because it's legalized and it's acceptable behavior.'"

Many gambling addicts have multiple addictions or disorders,
Fahrenkopf stressed.

"What the research has showed is they don't just have problems with
gambling," he said. "They have problems with drugs, alcohol, they're
emotionally unstable, they have psychiatric problems. And that's where
the research is now going."

That can make treating gambling addictions difficult. Fahrenkopf said
researchers are close to developing "a pill that's going to help
pathological gamblers."

But Whyte and Martz said any development of a gambling pill is still
far away.

"There's no such thing as a magic pill for any mental disorder," Martz
said.

Most clinical treatment programs include some anti-depressant
medications, but studies about medication's direct effect on gambling
are few and far between.

"These clients are depressed and anxious and that feeling is
uncomfortable so they gamble as an escape," Martz has found. "So if
you take away the depression, there's no reason to escape into the
addiction."

Some trials are being conducted on more controversial methods, such as
exposure, when a gambler is allowed to enter a casino but not gamble.
The hope is the impulse to gamble will decrease over time, but results
are inconclusive, Abrams said.

The Harbour Center's inpatient four-week program that Jeff recently
completed does not have a lock-in policy, the way many drug treatment
centers do.

"You're going to walk down the street, you're going to watch the
evening news, at least in Maryland, and the lottery ticket numbers
come across there. You can't escape the triggers," Martz said. "So
it's really important that when they leave here they know they have a
month clean .. and they know they did it on their own."

A few days before Jeff was supposed to leave, he said he was anxious
to see his family, including his 4-year old twin girls and infant.

Of his gambling problem, he said, "I'm cautiously optimistic."
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