Pubdate: Thu, 28 Mar 2002
Source: Charlotte Observer (NC)
Copyright: 2002 The Charlotte Observer
Contact:  http://www.charlotte.com/mld/observer/
Details: http://www.mapinc.org/media/78
Author: Marianne Means (N.Y. Times News Service)

COURT MAY UNIFY AGAINST DRUGS IN THE SCHOOLS MARIANNE MEANS

WASHINGTON - The inevitable battle over the next nominee to the Supreme 
Court may well be the most significant development of the decade.

None of the justices has yet indicated a willingness to step aside, but 
three of the nine are over 70 and some have had serious illnesses. 
Retirement rumors circulate regularly. The recent Senate defeat of 
conservative U.S. District Court judge Charles Pickering of Mississippi for 
elevation to a federal appeals court was meant to signal the White House 
that a divisive right-winger would have trouble getting confirmed if picked 
for the high bench.

Meanwhile, the Supreme Court limps along with narrow, 5-4 decisions aimed 
at restoring the sense of judicial balance that the court lost when the 
justices inserted themselves into the 2000 election.

So it was a surprise to learn that the justices heard a case last week in 
which a comfortable majority seemed in agreement, based on their unusually 
frank comments from the bench.

The question was whether random drug testing of high school students 
involved in extracurricular activities violates their constitutional 
guarantee against unreasonable searches and seizures.

But the justices appeared to be more concerned about the potential spread 
of "druggie" schools than the loss of individual privacy by students 
embarrassed at urinating in a cup while a teacher listens.

The teacher has to listen, of course, to prevent drugged students from 
submitting urine switched with others.

The Supreme Court has already ruled that such testing is constitutional for 
athletes who take part in competitive sports.

If indeed the court agrees to expand the definition of reasonable student 
urine testing, it would reflect more common sense than we sometimes see 
from this contentious, ideology-driven court. The privacy issue comes at a 
time when the federal anti-terrorist fervor threatens to trample individual 
rights in serious ways. But urine testing in schools to fight drug abuse is 
a trivial irritation compared with secret prison detentions and vaguely 
defined military tribunals.

At issue was a program in a rural Oklahoma school district that requires 
middle and high school students to pass drug tests as a condition for 
participating in any activity involving interscholastic competition, 
including cheerleading, debate, chorus, band and Future Homemakers of America.

A majority of the justices were clearly willing to give schools a broad 
legal helping hand to keep drug abuse at bay. The American Civil Liberties 
Union, which represented the student who sued in federal court to stop the 
testing, found little sympathy from most of the black-robed jurists. Only 
Sandra Day O'Connor and David Souter complained that students not likely to 
be on drugs might feel they were being unfairly "penalized."

Justice Antonin Scalia wrote the 1995 opinion holding that drug-testing for 
athletes was constitutional because of the safety risk of engaging in 
sports while on drugs and the little expectation of privacy in locker 
rooms. He seldom defends civil liberties, and now he appears ready to 
extend a constitutional protection to the testing of all students, not just 
those involved in sports or special activities. "You think life and death 
is not an issue in the fight against drugs?" he said, dismissing the 
concern about privacy.

The ACLU noted that drug use was not widespread in the Oklahoma school. The 
student, Lindsay Earls, who filed the lawsuit, was not part of any drug 
culture. But several justices pointed out that the testing was meant to be 
a deterrent to help students resist peer pressure to experiment in the 
first place.

And they felt a school with few drug abusers had a right to keep it that way.

The ACLU tried to make a distinction between the lack of personal contact 
in sedentary activities like choir and the risk of physical harm from 
drug-induced errors in rough-and-tumble sports. But students in 
extracurricular activities represent their school, sometimes take overnight 
trips and often drive to and from their activity after classes. They too 
need to have self-control and to know that their companions do as well.

The justices are on the right track here. The nation's 14,700 public 
schools need clarification about the limits of permissible student drug 
testing. Justice Anthony Kennedy envisioned a school system in which one 
school had drug testing and the other did not. He sensibly opined that no 
serious student would prefer to attend "the druggie school."

The case will be decided before the court's summer adjournment.

Marianne

Means
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