Pubdate: Tue, 03 Sep 2002
Source: Reuters (Wire)
Copyright: 2002 Reuters Limited

COLOMBIAN INFORMANTS COULD FUEL VIGILANTISM

Human Rights Group Wary Of Uribe's Plan

SAN PABLO, Colombia -- Men in this town on the banks of the wide Magdalena 
River walk the sun-baked streets with guns stuffed in their waistbands. 
Loudspeakers on lampposts near the main square alert neighbors when Marxist 
guerrillas slip in at night from the nearby mountains.

Long forsaken by the government, hundreds of Colombian towns like San Pablo 
have been forced to find their own ways to live with illegal armed groups 
fighting a bloody 38-year-old war.

Now, Colombia's new president, Alvaro Uribe, is turning his attention to 
the country's ungoverned reaches with a plan to create a secret network of 
civilians who would feed tips to security forces on rebels and far-right 
paramilitary outlaws.

The idea might sound reasonable on paper, critics say, but fails to take 
account of the shadowy alliances that many towns have formed with one or 
the other of the illegal forces, alliances that have restored civic life 
and brought a degree of security to residents. In the case of San Pablo, 
paramilitaries have stepped into the vacuum left by the state.

Human rights groups warn that Uribe's plan, instead of bringing large areas 
of Colombia's lawless countryside back into the fold, could end up 
consolidating the power of the dominant armed group in a particular area.

They say the informants, described by a senior government official as the 
state's "eyes and ears," could become snoops fueling vigilante violence in 
a country with a long history of frontier justice and impunity.

Law Of Silence

"The paramilitaries have penetrated people's lives in San Pablo. There is 
law of silence and people are afraid of talking against them. The 
informants will only give a legal footing to what already exists," said 
Jackeline Rojas, an activist for the People's Women's Organization, a local 
human rights group.

Uribe, who took power on Aug. 7 as rebels launched a mortar attack on the 
presidential palace, has promised to double the number of professional 
soldiers and police and strengthen state institutions, including courts and 
prosecutors in the regions.

An additional plan to recruit 20,000 peasant soldiers to patrol villages 
has also alarmed rights groups.

The war pits Marxist rebel groups against right-wing paramilitaries and the 
U.S.-backed military. The conflict is increasingly fueled by money from the 
drug trade and last year claimed 3,500 lives, most of them civilians.

San Pablo, a town of 30,000 people 185 miles north of the capital, Bogota, 
highlights the dangers of adding informants to the mix in Colombia's 
intractable conflict. The town once prospered on fishing, cattle and as a 
trading post, but the economy is now dependent on the drug trade.

Its strategic position on the banks of Colombia's main river made it the 
epicenter of a brutal territorial battle three years ago between the 
Cuban-inspired rebels of the National Liberation Army, known as "ELN", and 
paramilitaries.

For decades, the towns along the Magdalena were strongholds of the ELN, 
Colombia's second-largest rebel army, until they were driven out by 
paramilitaries -- a loose far-right confederation founded by landowners as 
anti-rebel vigilantes.

Paramilitaries Control Town

Today, not even San Pablo's mayor disputes the "paras" are in charge. 
Although they do not patrol the streets, the paramilitaries keep tight 
military and social control, partly through community organizations, human 
rights groups say.

In popular Colombian usage, the town has been "pacified." Massacres, such 
as the killing of a group of suspected rebel sympathizers in the main 
square three years ago, are no longer common, extortion demands on 
shopkeepers have disappeared and rebel attacks on the isolated police 
station are rare. With the relative peace, businesses have prospered and 
jobs returned.

But many neighbors are afraid to speak. In the town square, where the sour 
smell of the river mingles with the loud music spilling from bars, eyes fix 
on strangers. Rights groups say fishermen have found bodies in the river.

City officials and business leaders, many of whom have been declared 
military targets by rebels, readily welcome the idea of informants. 
Shopkeepers are installing loudspeakers on corners to denounce the presence 
of suspected guerrillas.

Community organizations such as Asocipaz, which led a fierce resistance 
against plans by former President Andres Pastrana to hand control of San 
Pablo to the ELN to start peace talks, are leading a drive to recruit 
informant volunteers.

San Pablo voted overwhelmingly for Uribe, but its leaders do not share his 
vision of the informants' role. While Uribe has said informants will tip 
off the army about all outlaws, San Pablo's leaders talk only of rooting 
out rebel infiltrators and make no mention of informing against the 
paramilitaries.

"Security has a price -- the price of collaboration. They protect the town 
and the town does not tell against them," said Rafael Ramos, president of 
the "No To The Demilitarized Zone" association, a 9 mm pistol stuffed in 
his pants.

Asocipaz and No To The Demilitarized Zone officials deny claims by rights 
groups they are linked to the paramilitaries.

Uribe, whose father was killed by rebels, has said he wants to generate a 
"critical mass" against outlaws, but military analyst Alfredo Rangel said 
informants were a cheaper way to strengthen the army than boosting 
professional troops.

"We all know who's who here. It's no secret paramilitaries control this 
area," San Pablo Mayor Ezequiel Rodriguez told Reuters. "Uribe can talk in 
Bogota but here in the provinces things are harder. Even the mayor must 
keep his mouth shut."

An hour's drive along a dirt road, the paramilitary presence becomes more 
open. In the hamlet of Monterrey, paramilitaries dressed in camouflage 
trousers and black T-shirts walk around in broad daylight, machine guns on 
their backs.

Visitors are greeted by a billboard reading: "Welcome to Monterrey. 
Territory of Peace and Progress." At a roadblock, outlaws play cards and 
swat flies in the shade, their rifles propped on banana trees. A painted 
skull glares out from the white walls of a building where a warlord lives.

"This territory is at peace because of us. We have shed a lot of blood to 
take this area and we are not going to give it back to the guerrillas." 
said Julian, a far-right commander. "The state has no business here. That's 
what the paramilitaries are here for."
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MAP posted-by: Beth