Pubdate: Sun, 25 Aug 2002
Source: New York Times (NY)
Copyright: 2002 The New York Times Company
Contact:  http://www.nytimes.com/
Details: http://www.mapinc.org/media/298
Author: David Binder, NY Times

U.S. COORDINATES DRUG SWEEP IN THE BALKANS AND CENTRAL ASIA

WASHINGTON - A broad narcotics sweep involving 25,000 law enforcement 
officers and coordinated by the Drug Enforcement Administration across 15 
countries of Central Asia and the Balkans has resulted in the arrest or 
detention of thousands of suspects, federal officials said this week.

The sweep this summer - from June 10 to July 11 - seized more than 3,700 
pounds of heroin and nine tons of other narcotics.

For years, the agency has conducted multinational actions in Latin America, 
but this operation was the first to cover the Balkans and Central Asia, the 
officials said.

The sweep, involving police, customs and border officers of 18 countries, 
was coordinated in three phases by regional command centers in Bucharest, 
Romania, and Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, with the assistance of about 40 officers 
of the Drug Enforcement Administration. The agency also supplied 
communications equipment for the operation.

One official, Steven W. Casteel, the drug agency's chief of intelligence, 
said the lessons learned from the cooperative operation were more important 
than sheer numbers.

"Statistics are poor, if any, help in determining the correct actions to be 
taken in policing or as a measure of success," Mr. Casteel said.

Instead, Mr. Casteel, who has been in drug enforcement for 30 years, is 
concentrating on what he can learn about trends in global drug smuggling 
enterprises.

"I am a big believer in transnational policing," he said in an interview at 
the enforcement agency's headquarters, overlooking the Pentagon. "You can 
talk about Al Qaeda and other forms of terrorism, but the biggest threat 
anywhere in the world isn't terror, it's organized crime."

Mr. Casteel said he was especially interested in the seizure of 1.7 tons of 
toluol, a solvent derived from petroleum that is used in purifying cocaine. 
Speaking about the importance of seizing the toluol aboard the Turkish 
freighter Selene in a Ukrainian port, Kerch, on the Black Sea, he said, 
"Indirectly, we saved ourselves."

"Cocaine purities are going down," he said, adding that the toluol was to 
be sent to Latin America, the principal source of cocaine for North America.

The Selene had false papers, he said, "Like changing license plates on a 
stolen car."

The seizure of 56 pounds of heroin on June 6 at a border crossing between 
Greece and Albania also caught his attention. Though it was not the largest 
in the sweep this summer, he said it showed that Greek, Turkish and 
Albanian officials were working together.

That was significant, he said, because it meant that law enforcement 
agencies were cooperating in a region where there are numerous ethnic 
rivalries.

He said the emphasis at the Regional Center for Combating Transborder 
Crime, in Bucharest, was on identifying choke points on the main Balkan 
routes used to move narcotics to Western and Northern Europe.

At the center in Bishkek, law enforcement officers from Kyrgyzstan, 
Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan worked together.

The Bishkek operations were devised not only to catch smugglers, American 
officials said, but also to learn the methods of Central Asian and Afghan 
heroin traffickers, the routes traffickers used, the involvement of 
militant groups in drug trafficking, prices and purity levels.
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