Pubdate: Sun, 18 Nov 2001
Source: Orange County Register (CA)
Copyright: 2001 The Orange County Register
Contact:  http://www.ocregister.com/
Details: http://www.mapinc.org/media/321
Author: John Leland, The New York Times
Bookmark: http://www.mapinc.org/find?345 (Hallucinogens)

A LONG, STRANGE TRIP FOR PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS

In the '60s, they helped the counterculture drop out. Now the FDA has tuned 
in to approve two trials for therapeutic use.

When Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters made their storied journey across 
America in 1964, they included a pilgrimage to Millbrook, N.Y., the Hudson 
Valley town where Timothy Leary had turned a Victorian mansion into a lab 
for his LSD experiments.

The meeting was supposed to join the two wings of the nascent drug culture: 
Kesey's woolly West Coast hedonists and Leary's League of Spiritual 
Discovery. But the vibe was all wrong.

The Pranksters, spilling from a 1939 bus labeled Furthur, came on like 
unwashed trouble; the Leary crowd, with their meditation rooms and trip 
diaries, seemed no fun. The diodes of the electric drug culture remained apart.

Kesey, who died Nov. 10 after surgery to treat liver cancer, might have 
been amused by the latest twists in the long, strange legacy of the 
psychedelic era. Talk about karma: Eight days before his death, the Food 
and Drug Administration approved a pilot study of the drug ecstasy for 
patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

And FDA- approved trials of another psychedelic drug, psilocybin, as a 
treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder, are scheduled to begin at the 
University of Arizona in January. The studies mark the first therapeutic 
trials of psychedelic drugs in the United States since the 1970s.

They also mark the passing of the torch from counterculture renegades like 
Leary and Kesey to dutiful surfers of the bureaucracy like Dr. Rick Doblin, 
president of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, a 
nonprofit organization that conceived the two new studies.

The group is also involved in overseas studies of two other psychedelic 
drugs, ibogaine and ketamine, to treat heroin addiction, depression and 
anxiety.

Doblin, who holds a Ph.D. in public policy from Harvard, does not consider 
himself a drum beater in a bus. "What's different between now and then is 
that we're not self-selecting ourselves out as the counterculture," he 
said. "Part of my mission is to bury the ghost of Timothy Leary."

This mild mission carries the psychedelic lamp a long way from Kesey, who 
said the purpose of taking the drugs was "to learn the conditioned 
responses of people and then to prank them." During the 1964 presidential 
campaign, the Pranksters draped their bus in American flags and drove it 
backwards through Phoenix, hometown of Barry Goldwater, waving a banner 
that read, "A Vote For Barry Is a Vote For Fun." Instead of offering escape 
from the dull workaday world, the drugs are now being tested as a means to 
help people get back in. Yet Doblin, who said he has used ecstasy for 
recreational as well as therapeutic purposes, has also confronted the 
legacy of his forebears, and found much of it wanting.

In the 1980s, he followed up on two of Leary's Harvard studies with 
psilocybin (conducted between 1961 and 1963, when it was still legal), 
which claimed to show the drug produced religious experiences and reduced 
criminal recidivism. Doblin found that Leary had either fudged the data or 
buried evidence of a bad trip.

Kesey's own history illustrates how slippery and unpredictable the mantle 
of the drug culture can be. In 1960, as a graduate student in Stanford 
University's creative-writing program, he volunteered for government tests 
of various "psychomimetic" drugs at a veterans hospital. The CIA and Army 
were testing LSD for a variety of uses, including as a truth serum.

By the time Kesey got his doses, the agencies were starting to phase out 
LSD in favor of more powerful hallucinogens, said Martin A. Lee, co-author 
with Bruce Shlain of the 1985 book "Acid Dreams: The Complete Social 
History of LSD -- The CIA, the Sixties, and Beyond." Kesey had other plans 
as well; he liked LSD so much in the lab, he brought it home for his friends.

The merry prank, launched with government acid, was on.

That was then. Psychedelia and alternative consciousness -- with or without 
the bad clothes -- have long since seeped into the mainstream. Never mind 
wresting the psychedelic experience from the counterculture; it already has 
a booth at the mall.

Even so, today's researchers continue to face official resistance. The 
National Institute on Drug Abuse, an office of the National Institutes of 
Health, opposes medical testing of psychedelics, citing evidence that the 
drugs can cause brain damage and memory loss. And even medical cover may 
provide limited protection from the law. Doblin sees an opportunity in 
these conflicting impulses. "They're saying medical issues should not be 
resolved at the ballot box," he said. "I agree. But you can't on the one 
hand block research and on the other say it's the only direction.

This resistance will have the unintended consequence of furthering research."
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